Katyn Stalin's revenge

Spring 2010, the memorial complex ... Commemoration ceremony of Polish officers.
The Polish- Soviet war began April 25, 1920 attack by Polish troops. May 6 was captured Kiev. In the occupied areas of the Poles organized the massacre of those who are on their data applied to the Red Army, and especially the Communists. At the same time the Jews equated with Communists. ...

In response to the atrocities perpetrated there was a desperate resistance, and is already on May 26 the Red Army moved to the offensive. June 12 released the Ukrainian capital, and in the middle of August, came to Warsaw and Lvov.

However, the carefully prepared counterattack White Poles and uncoordinated actions of Soviet military leaders, the Red Army was forced to retreat with considerable human, territorial and material losses.

Not having the strength to continue the war, both sides agreed to October 12, 1920 an armistice, and March 18, 1921 concluded the Riga Peace Treaty, which established all the losses suffered by the Soviet Russia. Polish invaders, led by Marshal Pilsudski managed to attach to their land the big strategic areas of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus, belonged to Russia in October 1917.

Such an unjust outcome of the war for many years has led to strained Soviet- Polish relations, which were to lead at the first opportunity to restore the lost and the brutal punishment of the invaders. What happened in 1939-1940.

The truce October 12, 1920 was very disadvantageous for Russia at that time... and especially for Stalin, who took this defeat as their own.

Strictly speaking, this is a battle lost by the future Marshal Tukhachevsky military leadership of Trotsky, but in political terms, hopes for victory in this war, Lenin (as head of the Soviet government) connected in the first place by Stalin. Not that the Poles cut down significantly if the Russian territory in their favor. Even more tragic was the fact that, having captured tens of thousands of the most loyal to Stalin ...

Death - from torture, disease, hunger and thirst, even....

Were among the prisoners and civilians, among them many Jews, who believed the main distributors of White Poles ...
Silenced still Polish, and Russian archives hold many ominous evidence of Wielkopolska conceit. For example, in lists exported from Ukraine in Poznan captured among Soviet officials was listed the boy, ... But do not want to leave them at liberty in Poland ... All these civilians were arrested and taken to prisons and labor camps in Poland for political reasons. One of them - 15 -year-old Goddess - May 30, 1921 wrote: ... I 'm ten months in military prison, the regime which operates depressing ...

Such human rights abuses of modern high-ranking Polish officials did not say, and maybe do not know.

But the ...

How many were there?.

June 22, 1920 Pilsudski's personal secretary, Kazimierz Switalski said: ...

About what number of people shot and tortured prisoners of Soviet Poles question? . Russian historians, referring to archival sources, insist at least 60 thousand people. By ruling in Poland this - it is a maximum of 16-18 thousand. But let the Russian victims will be even smaller than the smallest official recognition of the Polish! .

Shot at Katyn were primarily officers, gendarmes, which showed sadism against Soviet citizens in the years 1919-22. The rank and file of the same Polish common people (and they were the majority - according to various estimates ranging from 100 to 250 000 ), misled by their pans, mostly escaped the massacre.
Stalin Stalin would not have been if they had forgotten Polish officers brutal mockery of it, Stalin's ...
Of course, it would be more appropriate to those fashistvovavshih Polish officers judged himself the Polish people, not the NKVD... (However, the Polish people, and today it has every right to! Moreover, Russia, setting an example, already repented for what he did fundamental memorial complex . ).

Archives of talking.

For a long time, I did not dare to defile the eyes and ears of the Russian and Polish beau monde that the Lord did to the Polish officers taken prisoner by the Russian. I visited a camp of prisoners of war in Bialystok, and now, at first impression, dared to ask for Mr. General, as chief physician to the Polish troops, describing the terrible picture that appears before each coming to the camp.

In the camp at every step of the dirt, slovenliness, which can not be described, and the neglect of human needs, appealing to heaven for retribution. Before the door of the hut a heap of human excreta, which trample and spread throughout the camp, thousands of feet. Patients with weakened to such an extent that they can not reach the latrines, on the other hand, the latrines in such condition that it is impossible to come to the seats because the floor is covered with several layers of human feces.

Sami huts crowded, among the ... In my opinion, among the 1400 prisoners simply do not have healthy. Covered with rags, they huddle together, warming one. The stench of dysentery patients infected with gangrene and swollen feet from hunger. In the barracks, which were just released, were among the other patients, two particularly ill in their own feces, oozing through the shabby trousers, they had no strength to climb, to lie down on a dry place to bunk. What a terrible picture of grief and despair... moaning rushing from all directions ...

Notice of General Gordynskogo:.

...

...



If that were to happen, it is best not to take prisoners, than to let them die by thousands from starvation and plague ...

And then with Stalin asked how he dared to arrange Katyn massacre Polish officers to arrange this?.

However, more accurate to say all the same: Katyn retribution....

What guided the Soviet Government before deciding on the execution of Polish officers at Katyn in 1940.

Data from the private and official Polish sovetskihistochnikov ( given in abbreviated form ).

First - the documentary information:.

October 8, 1939 Mr.. People's Commissar of the NKVD, Beria ordered: Under no circumstances did not release the captured Polish generals, officers and all persons who were in the police and the gendarmerie service, as long as the investigation has found: whether they had any involvement in the abuse and destruction (in 1919-1922 . ) Prisoners of war the Red Army and Soviet citizens of Jewish origin ( in m. h. Ukraine and Belarus )!.

February 22, 1940 Mr.. there was a special directive Merkulov 641 b / w with respect to Polish prisoners of war. It said: ... Beria offer all contained in Starobelsk, Kozelsk and Ostashkov NKVD camps of former jailers, spies, provocateurs, court officials, landowners and the T. Dr.. transfer to the investigative part of the NKVD for the conduct of the investigation.

Addresses and ciphers of storage material from the Polish archives are in Latin, from the Soviet - in russkomyazyke.
***.
December 9, 1919 Mr.. Warsaw.

Department of Military Affairs Department of Sanitation № 1215 T.

In the Ministry of Military Affairs, Warsaw.

In connection with recurring all over the country all the more serious and substantiated allegations and complaints to the situation of prisoners in the camps, in connection with the voices of the foreign press, alive to these questions are of.
....


Ragged, covered with tattered remnants of clothing, dirty, lousiness, gaunt and emaciated, the prisoners are a picture of extreme misery and despair. Many barefoot and without underwear.

Thinness of many prisoners clearly demonstrates that hunger - their constant companion, a terrible famine, which causes them to feed on any green, grass, leaves and young t. Dr.. Cases of death by starvation is not something extraordinary, and for other reasons, death in the camp gathers its prey. In «Bug-Schuppe» Last 2 Weeks died 15 prisoners, and one of them died in front of the commission, and after his death in remote feces were visible remnants of undigested grass.

This is a sad image of human misery.

Due to the lack of ceiling are two large barracks capable of accommodating about 1,700 people, empty, while the prisoners choke, kakseledki in a barrel, on a smaller huts, partly also without frames and without stoves or with only small indoor stoves, warming its own heat.

Prisoners in the camp was a hotbed of contagion Pikulitse, even worse, the cemetery of prisoners. Bolshevik prisoners, dressed in rags, without clothes, without shoes, skinny as a skeleton, they wander about like human shadows.

Their daily ration was the day of small amounts of pure, no seasoned broth and a small piece of meat. That would be enough, perhaps, for a five-year child, not adult. This dinner prisoners receive after they are hungry all day.
In the rain, snow, frost and ice are sent every day, without making the necessary resources in a timely manner, for firewood in the forest about 200 ragged poor, a significant portion of which is the day falls on a bed of death.

The systematic killing of people!.

In the crowded wards patients lie on the floor shavings. The ward with 56 patients with dysentery, a bedroom closet with a single vessel, and because prisoners have no strength to get to the closet, they go for a chip in the air... in a horrible room seeking captives. So every day they die in the hospital and barracks in average 20 or more.

The camp prisoners did not want to deal with disposal of dead bodies, often sends them to the district hospital in Przemysl, even without coffins in open wagons like cattle....

CAW. Cabinet Ministra. I. 300. a. 402.

5 g dekabrya1919.
Command of the Lithuanian- Byelorussian Front Head Sanitation № 5974/IV/San.
The main commissariat in Warsaw.
In the CEP Vilna often do not even have water because of a faulty within the camp speakers.
CAW. NDWP. Szefostwo Sanitarne. I 301. 17. 53.

МинистерствовоенныхделПольши ВерховномукомандованиюВойскаПольскогоо article (...

January 16, 1920 Mr.. Warsaw.
Department of Military Affairs Bureau Prezidialnoe number 6278/20 S. P. II. Pras.
High Command BP.
All this was nothing compared to the systematic torment Letts. It began with the appointment of 50 beats a barbed wire rod. Moreover, it was stated that the Latvians as a ... More than a dozen prisoners have died due to blood poisoning. Then for three days prisoners have been left without food and banned under threat of death to go to fetch water... Many died from disease, hunger and cold.
CAW. OddzialIVNDWP. a. 301. 10. 339.

VNKIDRSFSRob издевательствахпольскихвойск over пленнымикрасноармейцамиипартизанами.
In the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs.
In forwarding herewith a note of the atrocities of the Polish White Guards, to inform you that the information they received by me from the most reliable source.
It seems to me that to leave it without a protest can not be.
T. A. Shkilev.
7/II1920.

The atrocities of the Polish Whites.

Among the casualties - wounded in battle, assistant chief of the order of Comrade. Us, which overtook the bandits, gouged out his eyes and pre- killed. Secretary of the Executive Committee of the wounded Rudobelskogo m. Gashinskaya Olhimovich taken away and the clerk of the Poles, and brutally tortured past, and then tied to a cart and forced to bark like a dog. After that... began reprisals against the families of partisans, Soviet workers and peasants in general. First of all his father's house was burned t. Karpilovke Levkova in the village, then burned and the village... The same fate befell the village forge and Dubrova, which completely burnt. Families guerrillas almost completely cut. In the light cast by the fire to one hundred. Raped women, ranging from minor (among them named a four-year- girl). Victims pinned by bayonets. Bury the dead were not given. January 19, at Epiphany, during the service in the surviving church in the village Karpilovke Poles threw two bombs, and when the peasants were in a panic began to disperse, opened fire on them. Hit and priest, his property looted and thoroughly beaten him, saying: ...

AVP RF. F. 122. Op. 3. P. 5. A. 19. A. 8-9, 9ob.

Измеморандумавоенныхигражданскихпленныхвпольских prisons.
February 18, 1920 Mr.. Smolensk.

Tov. David Tsamtsiev reports about the massacre in the village Grichino, Samohvalovichskoy parish, Minsk district, on the captured Red Army soldiers. The regimental commander ordered the villagers to gather all. When they met, brought back prisoners with hands tied and told the people do not care, and beat them. Beating on the part of the audience lasted about 30 minutes. Then on the elucidation of their personality ( it turned out that there were Red Army soldiers of the 4th Hussars Warsaw ), accidents were quite naked, and set about mockery of them. In the course were put whip and the rod. Poured three times with water, when the detainees were dying, they were put into a ditch and shot, too inhuman, so that even some body parts were completely cut off.

Tov. Tsamtsiev was arrested along with a friend near the station Mihanovichi and sent to headquarters. ... Such a humiliation lasted about an hour. Finally, was the chief inquisitor, brother of the regimental commander, staff captain Dombrowski, who ran like an angry beast and began to beat with an iron rod in the face. Stripped naked and searched, he ordered his soldiers to have expanded by pulling on the hands and feet, and give a 50 - whip. I do not know, do not lie if we are in the ground, if not scream ... Resulted in a well-dressed Jew by the name of Khurgin, a native of the town Samokhvalovichy, and although the accident claimed that he and the Commissioner is absolutely nowhere to be served, all his assurances and pleas did not lead to anything: he was stripped naked and then shot and dumped, .

T. Kuleshinskogo - Kowalski led the hospital has lost the human species. Hands and feet were swollen. On the face it was impossible to make out the parts. In nostrils were stretched wire, as in the tips of the ears. With great difficulty uttered his name. Most get nothing from him could not be. How to put to bed and lay there as the cabinet - to death. A few days later the rumor spread that he was going out of commission for examination of Warsaw prison, and that night were the counter-espionage agents, and after many tortures he was strangled.

It was one of our best friends left for underground work in Minsk ...

Tov. Vera Vasilyeva wrote about the torture of a young vedochki ( quack ), t. Zuymach: ... Zuymach at night was taken from prison, as if to be shot, brought to the gendarmerie, was beaten, putting up against the wall and sent it to the muzzle of a revolver, shouting: ... Forced to write her final farewell letters to his family. Ordered to put his head on the table and spent a cold blade to the neck pieces, saying that the head will fly off if it is not recognized. When she returned to prison, she was shaking all night long, as in a fever. It may be said to have a child, and her head was covered with gray. Finally, naked and barefoot, she was sent to Camp ...

Tov. Epstein writes: ... Women are beaten, as well as men. Beat fiercely, mercilessly. For example, Goldin hit a log on the head and sides. Resorting to the guns, whips, iron springs and various other instruments of torture. ...
In Bobruisk prison to do the same thing as in Minsk.

Tov. X. Haimovich said: ... Beatings inflicted investigator Eismont and called to his aid the gendarmes. Such torture lasted 14 days.
When I fainted, I was doused with cold water and continue beating until the torturers were not tired. Once in place the gendarmerie I tied his hands and hung from the ceiling. Then beat with anything. Led the city to be shot, but somehow did not shoot ...

Tov. Giler Wolfson reports that after his arrest in September 6th Glusk in prison he was stripped naked and beaten on the naked body with whips.
Tov. George Knish said: ...

From the statement of hostages.

We escorted from the prison under heavy guard, to whom and when departing from the applied relatives or friends with any conversation, the gendarmes most pronounced crack abuse, threatened at gunpoint, and some even beaten, as, for example, Joseph Shakhnovich policeman hit for the fact that .

Message from the road by the gendarmes terrible two days no one let out of the car, forced to do the cleaning dirty car hats, towels or anything, if arrested refused, then was forced to power, such as Passover Libkovicha policeman slapped in the face of what he .

RGASPI. F. 63. Op. 1 D. 198. A. 27-29.

February 25, 1920 Mr.. Molodechno.

Command of the Lithuanian- Byelorussian Front.
№ 3473/San.

Major medical services, Dr. Bronislaw Hakbeyl.

Deputy Head of Sanitation.

report.

Camp prisoners at the station for a team of prisoners - this is a real torture chamber. None of these accidents did not care, so no wonder that people unwashed, naked, badly fed and housed in unsuitable conditions resulting from infection was only doomed to death.

The current commandant of the camp prisoners refuses to feed them. Next to them in the barracks are free, entire families of refugees... women with venereal disease, infects both military and civilian.

SAW. Oddzial IV NDWP. I. 301. 10. 343.

ЗаявлениявернувшихсяизпленаА. P. Matskevich, M. FridkinaiPetrova.
March 5, 1920 Mr..

Andrew Prohorovich Matskevich.

The first duty to make general search... For example, I only got two slaps, and other friends, such as Bashinkevicha and Mishutovicha, beat not only in the car, but even on the field when accompanied us to the camps of Bialystok. All of us, when taken out of the city in Bialystok, was stopped on the field only to have to beat again and Bashinkevicha Mishutovicha.

After a while we had been sent from the Jewish community in Bialystok hot lunch, but our guards dinner did not let us and brought beaten with rifle butts.

The food in the camps is given such that none of the healthiest people are not able to survive longer or shorter time. It consists of a small portion of black bread, weighing about half a pound, a crock of soup a day, rather like dishwater than soup, and hot water.

These slops with the name of the soup, unsalted issued. On the basis of hunger and cold of the disease reached epic proportions. No medical care, and okolodok exists only on paper. Dozens of people dying every day. In addition to starvation, and many die from the beating by the barbarian gendarmes. One of the Red Army ( can not remember the names ) of Corporal hut so badly beaten with a stick that he was unable to get up and get on their feet. Second, a certain t. Zhilintsky, received 120 rods and placed in okolodok. T. Lifshitz ( former. Chairman of the Trade Union of Workers of arts. Minsk) after various tortures completely dead. Fain, a very old man, a native and resident of the parish Pleschenichskoy Borisov county daily subjected to torture in the form of cutting the beard saber, bayonet strikes on the naked body, marching at night in one belevmoroz between the barracks and m. n.

M. Friedkin.

We were brought into the camp of Brest- Litovsk. The commandant turned to us with the following speech: ...

13 days, we did not get bread, on the 14th day, it was the end of August, we got about 4 pounds of grain, but very rotten, zaplesnennogo, all of it, of course, eagerly pounced, and disease, past and until that time . In September, 1919. died and 180 people. a day....

Petrov.

In Bobruisk there were 1,600 prisoners of war, most of them completely naked....
Chairman Budkevich.
RGASPI. F. 63. Op. a. A. 198. A. 38-39.

Otchetob osmotrelageryaStshalkovo.
Mr. 19/IX-20.
Bury them in the cemetery, not far from the camp, naked and without coffins.
RGASPI. F. 63. Op. a. A. 199. A. 8.10.

October 16, 1920 Mr.. Warsaw.
Home screening the sick and wounded of the Polish Army.
№ 894.
report.
In the section of the Department of Health Sanitary Minvoendel.
According to the head, captured the impression of a very weary and hungry, since pulled out of the car, looking in the trash leftover food and eagerly eat potato peels, which are on the way.
On. Gilewicz, Major Medical Service.
Head of the main sort of sick and wounded of the Polish Army.
CAW. OddzialIVNDWP. a. 301. 10. 354.

November 3, 1920 Mr.. Warsaw.
Bacteriological Department of the Military Sanitary Board.
Number 405/20.
In the Sanitary Department Minvoendel, IVsektsiya, Warsaw.
All prisoners are extremely hungry impression, because right out of the ground raked out and eat raw potatoes, collect the trash and eat all kinds of waste, such as: bones, cabbage, etc. Dr..
Dr Szymanowski, Lieutenant Colonel of Medical Service,.
Head of Bacteriological Department.
Military health board.
CAW. MSWojsk. Dep. Zdrowia. I. 300. 62. 31.

The result of examination of our POW camps in Poland.
November 16, 1920 Mr..
90% completely naked, naked and covered only with paper rags and mattresses. They sit crouched on the bare boards of drug. Complain about the lack of food and a bad and ill-treatment.
RGASPI. F. 63. Op. a. A. 199. A. 20-26.

High Command.
Section prisoners. Warsaw.
General Command of the Warsaw district - a copy of.
October 28, 1920 Mr.. Modlin.
The main causes of disease - eating a variety of captive raw peelings and a complete lack of shoes and clothing.
Malevich. The command of the fortified area Modlin.
CAW. OddzialIVNDWP. I. 301. 10. 354.

ДелегатсвязиРВСЗападногофронтаКраснойАрмии pri18 ydiviziiVoyskaPolskogo - T. Postnekoposeschenii военнопленныхкрасноармейцев.
November 29, 1920 Mr.. m. Luninets.
report.
Patients completely naked and barefoot, before exhausted that barely stay on their feet and then his whole body shaking. Many people, when they saw me, wept like children. Each room is placed on the 40-50 people. , Lie at each other.
Die every day for 4-5 people. Without exception, all of the depletion.
GARF. F. P -3333. Op. 2. A. 186. A. 33.

ProtokoldoprosaValuevaV. In. - Red Army soldier who fled from Polish captivity.
December 4, 1920. Kovno.
Out of our chosen Communists command of the Commissioners and the Jews, and immediately in front of a Red Army commissar of a Jew ( and part of the family do not know) was beaten and then immediately executed. We have selected the uniform, who did not follow orders once the legionaries, he was beaten to death, and when it fell unconscious, then dragged legions of force at the battered Red Army boots and uniforms. Then we were sent to the camp Tuchola. There were wounded men, not tied up for weeks on end, their wounds worms. Many of the wounded were dying every day for 30-35 people were buried.
RGASPI. F. 63. Op. a. A. 198. A. 40-41.

ПредставительРоссийскогообществаКрасногоКреста .
December 6, 1920 Mr..
The exceptional laws against the Jews and the ...
In the camps in Stshalkovo, Tuchola, Dąbie Jews and the ... They are in the poorest areas, always in ...
For these two groups of the worst moral attitude - the most allegations of beatings, abuse.
In Stshalkovo boss simply said that it would be best to shoot these groups.
In carrying out the light in the camp barracks Jews and Communists were without coverage.
Even in Tuchola, where there is better related to the captives, the Jews and the Communists complained of beatings.
From Dąbie come to me as complaints about bullying Jews - Jewish massacre of Jewish men and women and a violation of decency by bathing Jewish women soldiers.
The Communists have also complained that during the short walk to the officers commanding them to go 50 times, get up.
In addition, I filed a complaint that when the Jewish community in Stshalkovo send donations to the Jews, that Jews are not always heard.
CAW. 1772/89/1789 pt. l.

A Telegram. A. Joffe t. Chicherin Polbyuro, Tsentroevak.
December 14, 1920 Mr.. Riga.
Particularly difficult situation of prisoners in the camp Strzhalkovo.
Mortality among prisoners of war are so great that if it does not decrease, they will die within six months.
In the same mode as the Communists hold all the prisoners of war of the Jews, containing them in separate barracks. Their regime is deteriorating due cultivation of anti-Semitism in Poland. Joffe.
RGASPI. F. 63. Op. a. A. 199. A. 31-32.

From telegrammyG. In. ChicherinaA. A. Ioffeopolozhenii красноармейцеввпольскомплену.
December 17, 1920 Mr..
Joffe, Riga.
In one parish only Komarovsky cut the entire Jewish population, including infants.
Chicherin.
RGASPI. F. 5. Op. a. A. 2000. A. 35.

Chairman of the Russian-Ukrainian delegation A. Joffe.
Chairman of the Polish Delegation I. Dombski.
January 9, 1921 Mr..
In the same conditions as the communists are all prisoners of war, the Jews.
In Dąbie been beatings of prisoners of war of the Polish army officers in the beating of prisoners Zlocheve whips of iron wire from electrical wires.
In Bobruisk prison prisoner of war forced the hands of a clean restroom, when he took a shovel, because they do not understand the orders you have lent to Polish, then hit him with the butt of Legionnaire 's hand, why he could not raise their hands during the 3 weeks.
Instructress Myshkin, taken prisoner near Warsaw, showed that onabyla raped by two officers who beat her and stole her clothes....
Artist of the field of theater Topolnitsky Red Army, taken prisoner near Warsaw, shows that the officers interrogated drunk, and she claims that she was beaten with rubber bundles and hung upside down from a ceiling.
In the Polish press up voices of protest against the medieval horrors perpetrated in Polish prisons and camps.
And avoiding thoughts about the possibility of such a condition for Polish prisoners of war in Russia and Ukraine, even on the basis of reciprocity, Russian and Ukrainian government is still in the case of failure of the Polish Government the necessary measures will be forced to use repression and to the Polish prisoners of war in Russia and Ukraine.
Joffe.
AVP RF. F. 122. Op. 4. A. 71. P. 11. A. 5.1.
RGASPI. F. 5. Op. a. A. 2001. A. 202-204.

April 23, 1921 Mr.. Camp Stshalkovo.
Soviet Commission on Prisoners of War.
( Excerpts from a letter ).
Two Jews led away under arrest in the room of the Polish soldiers, where they were thrown on the heads of the blanket and beat him with anything to the accompaniment of singing and dancing, to drown out the cries battered.
The fact remains that in addition to the powerful influence of the Soviet. Russia through the repression of the Polish officers, prisoners of war no one can not help.
Watering the fields inside the camp, sewage....
The last epidemic of typhoid and dysentery in the camp died Strzhalkovsky up to 300 people. per day, of course, without any help, because even though they did not have time to bury: the continuously expanding the gravediggers were unable to perform his duty again, as die. In the dead bodies lay in piles, rats overeat, and the serial number on the list has passed the buried 12- thousand, while the all-time German war, he had reached only 500.
Chronic lack of forced surgical dressings department 3-4 weeks to do dressings. The result - the mass of gangrene and amputation.
Dies of typhus and cholera 80-190 people. daily. Patients were placed in pairs on the bed, the exchange of diseases. Due to the lack of places patients are discharged the day after the fall of temperature. New attacks and result in the mortuary to the ceiling and the mountains of corpses around her. Corpses lie in 7-8 days.
In the frozen earth dug graves in the depth of two shovels. Thousands of graves.
AVP RF. F. 384. Op. a. A. 7. P. 2. A. 38-43 of.

Results of the survey camp.
May 12, 1921 Mr..
The camp prisoners forced to Shchelkovo his own instead of horses to carry feces. They drag and plows and harrows.
AVP RF. F. 0384. Op. 8. A. 18,921. P. 210. A. 54-59.
AVP RF. F. 0122. Op. 5. A. 52. P. 105. A. 61-66.

Report returned from Polish captivity Moses Jakovljevic Klibanova.
As a Jew, I was persecuted at every turn.
24/5-21 years. Minsk.
RGASPI. F. 63. Op. a. A. 199. A. 48-49.

Report returned from Polish captivity Elijah Tumarkin.
First of all: in taking us into captivity began cutting Jews and freed from death, by some strange coincidence. The next day we drove to the foot of Lublin, and this transition has been for us this Golgotha. Hardness of the peasants were so great that the little boys threw stones Us. Seen off by cursing, swearing, we arrived at Mr.. Lublin on the nutritional point, and here began the most shameless massacre of the Jews and the Chinese....
24/V-21g.
RGASPI. F. 63. Op. a. A. 199. A. 46-47.

From the statement of prisoners of war.
the former camp Strzhalkovo.
now the servant of the 125th. Dep. Warsaw Citadel.
September 3, 1921 Mr..
The prisoners in the camp were deprived of any clothes, went to the costume of Adam....

He ( Lieutenant Malinowski ) as a sadistic, morally corrupt, pleasant were our suffering hunger, cold and disease. In addition, since. Malinowski went to the camp, accompanied by several corporals, who had in his hand, bundles of wire whip, and who loved him, ordered to lie down in a ditch, and the corporals were beaten as was ordered, and if broken or moaning asked for mercy, then,. Malinowski took out a revolver and shot.
If you watch ( posterunki ) prisoners were shot then. Ma gave an award Linovskiy three cigarettes and 25 Polish stamps. Repeatedly it was possible to observe such phenomena, a group led by then. Malinowski climbed on the machine-gun towers, and from there fired on defenseless people, pushed, like a flock of fence.
Genuine signed by:.
Martinkevich Ivan Kurolap, Beetle, Posakov,.
Basil Bayubin.
AVP RF. F. 384. Op. a. P. 2. A. 6. A. 58-59 with an.

Mr. Chairman of the Polish delegation.
The Russian- Ukrainian- Polish Joint Commission.
There were cases where prisoners of war for 14 hours is not allowed to leave the barracks, people were forced to send human waste in pots, which later have to eat....
AVP RF. F. 188. Op. a. P. 3. A. 21. A. 214-217.

Верховныйчрезвычайныйкомиссарподелам борьбысэпидемиямиполковник Medical Officer, Professor Dr E. Годлевскийвоенномуминистру PolshiK. СоснковскомуовоеннопленныхвПулавахиВадовице.
December 2, 1920 Mr.. Warsaw.

top secret.

Mr. Minister!.

I think their duty of conscience to bring to the attention of his observations of Mr. Minister, I made some I visited the camps and locations of prisoners of war. I'm forcing this feeling that the current situation there is simply inhuman and contrary not only to the requirements of hygiene, but also in general culture.

Here are the facts: during my stay in Pulawy on Sunday, November 28, I was told that in the bath, which the Commissioner to combat epidemics found in the local barracks, die every day for a few prisoners. So I went at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, accompanied by medical doctors captain and lieutenant of Dr. Dade Vuychitskogo specified in a bath and found on the table, serving for folding things, the body, next to which other prisoners undressed for swimming. In another room the same corner of the bath was in the second body and two men in agony. Are captured in the bath resulted in his appearance in a shiver up to such an extreme, they were starved, emaciated and exhausted.

The camp commander, Major Hlebovsky in a conversation with me said that the prisoners are so intolerable that ... However, he argues that this is not enough, and believes that this will have a pile of dung surrounded by barbed wire - to protect the peelings thrown back.

There have been four days, during which people do not give food.

It is totally unacceptable to people dying dragged to the bath, and then attributed to the corpses of hospital beds for patients.
Need to better feed the prisoners, as a situation that exists now, for example, in Pulawy, simply means death by starvation of people, we have taken into captivity. If it's former position will remain the way it should be clear from the above figures, after 111 days in a camp in Pulawy all die.

Please... believe me, Mr. Minister, that the motive of this letter was not a desire to criticize the military authorities, or your board. I know that the concept of war are linked to various serious human trials, I watch them for 6 years. But as a Pole and a man who worked 19 years in the oldest Polish school, I perceive the pain that I see in our camps, the prisoners, who were unarmed, and today we can no longer harm the.
CAW. Oddzial I Sztabu MSWojskowych. a. 300. 7. 118.

№ 1462 Inf. III. C. 1/2 22 g.
In the Cabinet of the Minister of Military Affairs.
Especially known for... camp in Tuchola called internees ...
Chief of Staff IIotdela Matuszewski, Lieutenant Colonel, General Staff imparted.
CAW. Oddzial II SG. I. 303. 4. 2477.